Dough Writing :: Writing Technology Inventing Essays

Dough Writing Writing, to many, is not seen as a technology. This everyday, innate, task is slowly over looked especially in todays modern world of high tech computers, cameras, ph onenesss, and palm pilots. Its hard to imagine at one time people actually invented this thing called the alphabet, somehow made each letter represent a certain sound, then by combining this with some other letters and sounds made words. But someone did and we, as a society, forget that and take writing for granted. We do not think about writing or its intricacies when we are in the act of writing. This is partially due to the availability of writing utensils and other materials needed to perform the task. What happens though when those things are taken away from us? Set about with this task, to write something without using any form of writing technology including pencils, pens, paintbrushes, and paper, I have found a new respect for writing, and the tools utilize to write with. I saw th is as the intended outcome, but what surprised me was the amount of thought and planning the writing took. Not thinking of what to write, but sort of how to write it, not with which materials, but how to actually shape the letters to make them legible. Once given this assignment I began thinking about nature and came up with my first course of action a piece of bark with carbon writing on it from a burnt stick. This sounded great, how easy, then I realized I live in an apartment with no trees around. I thought about going to my friends and taking materials from their trees but when I tried the snow and rain from the ult week had made everything very wet and hard to work with. The bark was too moldy or malleable and the sticks were too damp to light on fire. I had to find another way.My next idea was to make paper and write with charcoal or carbon on that. I had done this in the beginning in elementary school and remembered it to be quite easy. We had made a lot of paper for nature journals so I felt it appropriate for this assignment. I had everything ready to go, the blender, berries to make the paper pretty, water, flour, and a stick.

Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) :: Exploratory Essays

Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD)The disputable thing I decided to choose was Michigans plans on preventing the spread of CWD (Chronic Wasting Disease) in the white-tailed deer and elk herds. Many areas throughout the United States accept broken out with this deadly disorder, like Colorado, Nebraska, New Mexico, South Dakota, Wisconsin, Montana, and even the province of Saskatchewan. The problem with CWD originated from Saskatchewan, where captive deer became infected with this disease that affects the nervous system. This disease is very similar to that of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy or more commonly referred to as Mad Cow Disease. The disease was spread through foreign transportation of deer from unrivaled farm to the next. CWD spreads very fast and rapidly. It attacks the nervous system making the deer lose an excessive amount of weight, hair, and all tidy sum becomes blurry leaving the deer disoriented. As of right now, Michig an has tested negative in all counties for the Upper and Lower Peninsula. So this leads to many controversial issues about baiting deer for hunting season. Sense, saliva can spread the disease, the DNR is trying to stop hunters from baiting deer to prevent this from spreading. Some hunters rely on hunting over bait biles, to attract deer to their hunting areas. Michigan has limitations on the amount of bait you can spread at one time. We are only allowed to spread a five-gallon bucket over a 6-foot area. But the DNR has already made plans to make baiting illegal when any present such as Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, or the Canadian province of Ontario, have been infected with CWD 1. All baiting of deer leave be illegal and there will be no more baiting allowed ever. So I feel that the state is doing the right thing to prevent CWD from spreading into the state.Another concern the DNR has is tidy sum traveling to other states to hunt and bringing back the animal. The DNR wants to limi t the amount of carcasses brought into the state. Michigan Department of Natural Resources officials reminded Michigan hunters headed out-of-state to hunt deer and elk this come back to take common-sense precautions to avoid accidentally bringing Chronic Wasting Disease back to Michigan 2. The deer can have the disease and also subscribe it in the feces, urine, saliva, brain, spinal cord, and the meat. So once you have killed the animal, you should take it to a sanitary landfill, or buried deep where no animal can develop to it and become infected.

Causes of the Civil War Essay -- Papers Usa American History Essays

Causes of the Civil warAlthough some historians feel that the Civil War was a result of political blunders and that the issue of slavery did not cause the conflict, they ignore the two main causes. The expansion of slavery, and its entrance into the political scene. The North didnt guard about slavery as long as it stayed in the southeast. South Carolina seceded, because Abraham Lincoln, a Republican, was voted into office. The Republican society threatened the Souths expansion and so southerners felt that they had no other choice. The United States was divided into three groups by the time the Civil War began those who believed in the complete abolition of slavery, those who were against the expansion of slavery, and those who were pro slavery. The Republican party was formed in opposition to southern expansion. Their views were Free Soil, Free Men and Free Labor. The Republicans were anti-South but they were in not abolitionists. They believed that slavery was a flawed est ablishment that made the south ineffective and because the Norths free labor system was superior it must be guarded from southerners.When the Republican candidate, Abraham Lincoln was elected in 1860, the South felt threatened, and because expansion was vital to the survival of slavery they also felt their way of life was being threatened. Because slavery was such an important part of Southern society, the South felt that they could not survive without it. Thats why they were not willing to compromise with the north. To own slaves was a sign of wealth and social prestige and unequal farmers who could not afford slaves had a goal to work for. In the election of 1860 you can see that Lincoln only secured 4% ofthe popular vote in the South, only wi... ...BibliographyCoffey, Thomas M. The Long Thirst. New York WW Norton and Co., 1975Dumenil, Lynn. Modern Temper. New York Hill and Wang, 1995Hintz, Martin. Farewell, John Barleycorn. Minneapolis Lerner Publications, 1996Karl, Barry D., The Uneasy State. Chicago University of Chicago Press, 1983.Kerr, K. Austin, Organized For suppression. London Yale University Press, 1985Lee, Henry, How Dry We Were restriction Revisited. New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1963Organized Crime . Comptons Interactive Encyclopedia 1996 SoftKey International Inc. and its licensors. Parrish, Michael E., Anxious Decades. New York WW Norton and Co., 1992.Prohibition. Comptons Interactive Encyclopedia 1996 SoftKey International Inc. and its licensors.Severn, Bill. The End of the Roaring Twenties Prohibition and Repeal. New York Julian Messner, 1969

Polishness of Polish Art. Essays -- Art, Żmijewski’s Art

In polish art after year 2000 there is a lot more please in history, especially topics related to World War II, Holocaust , Polish-German and Polis-Jewish relations as well as modern history like PRL fourth dimensions and libertanian liking . Interest about history in Polish Art is not a new phenomenon. The early postwar art was related to war time trauma. But in art after year 2000 new occurance can be observed interest in concrete historical facts is less outstanding than questioning about history, about how it is constructed, what is is used for, how it is used, as well as how history is mixed with fiction and how it functions in our vision. This creative idea about aspect of historical facts and its use in todays reality can be specify as a dehistoricize (in analogy to term deconstructure) in Izabela Kowalczyks opinion (Kowalczyk, 2008). She fight that art of dehistoricize shows up as an alive discourse, which is taking place paradocsycally now. As Jacques Derrida indic ated, prefix de- may mean an appeal to genesis and not destruction (Magliola, 1984 89) as is the case of art of dehistoricizing and the process of constructing history itself. Art of dehistoricizing makes history alive, recalling ghosts of the past (Kowalczyk, 2008). The basis of it is what is happenning now (art piece, exhibition) and the result of what happened are historical facts.This act of dehistoricizing art is a contrast to what dominated polish art scene in early nineties. Critical art was focusing on the study of entanglement entity, the experience of embodied punishment, on the problems of another, or the ubiquity of power in Michel Foucaults understanding (Foucault, 2000). He is inscribing nature of history between freedom and control, whic... ...ybrid, mutant, bound intimately with liveliness and death, with time and eternity, enveloped in a Mobius strip of the collective and the individual,... (Nora, 198920). So I understand through this, that process of lieux de m emoire, the fragments of history are assigned into the postmemory of the author and the viewer. As Ewa Domaska is pointing into individual memory in collective memory of symbols, icons, cultural and historical toposes, which were replicated and preserved in the social conciousness, through its constant reproduction in encyclopedias, handbooks, newspapers, films, etc. Exactly through those icons, our society sees past, they are becoming memory markers, and where they are recalled through our memory they straight away relate to solid events (Domaska, 2006). thereof Spiegelmans father personal memories are no longer personal, they become collective.

The Growth And Production :: Beer Papers

The Growth And ProductionThe smell of yeast hits you on the street more than a block away. inside(a) the lobby of the brewery, it is even stronger. I wondered how long that secretary had been putting up with the smell. You get used to it. she said The tour begins in ten minutes. Two other families had come to take this tour as well. A tasteful way to spend the afternoon with grandp atomic number 18nts or in-laws, I thought. A short old reality comes out after a while. He is wearing an amplifier around his neck and carrying a microph oneness. The speaker is bigger his head. The other members of the group stand up and we are all lead backbone out onto the street. The traffic rushes by us as he explains the square brass plate bolted into the pavement at our feet. This is a time capsule squawks the amplifier. The time capsule was buried in 1956 and leave be opened again in the year 2006. It contains one bottle of Henry-Weinhards beer, and one local newspaper. I picture a crowd gathe red here in nine old age and I picture them some fifty years ago. Maybe they shiver against the rain or maybe they brace themselves against a fierce wind rushing up Burnside St. like it is today. In whatsoever case I picture them waiting there as the sacred bottle is unearthed, having traversed time to bring us the old newspaper. I wonder if it will have frozen and cracked down there. I wonder if anyone will drink that bottle if it is intact when it is brought to surface. I picture the small man with the amplifier tipping back his head and downing the contents of the artifact. We are truly a people brought together most readily by such a symbol. Nothing warms Americans up to each other like alcohol. assail beer is one of the cheapest brands one can buy in the grocery store these days. It runs about four or cardinal dollars for a twelve pack. Needless to say it is the choice of the thriftier lush. The can is of a simple design. White with red letters reading Oregons Premium quali ty beer for over fifty years....Founded 1856. One is lead to wonder whether those fifty premium years are taking place now, or if they have already passed us by. Blitz is really not that bad. It does the job, as they say, but the beer connoisseur would not be impressed by the flavor or body.

The Growth And Production :: Beer Papers

The Growth And ProductionThe smell of yeast hits you on the highway more than a block away. Inside the lobby of the brewery, it is even stronger. I wondered how long that secretary had been putting up with the smell. You get used to it. she said The cristal begins in ten minutes. Two otherwise families had come to take this tour as well. A tasteful way to spend the afternoon with grandparents or in-laws, I thought. A short old man comes out after a while. He is wearing an amplifier around his neck and carrying a microphone. The speaker is bigger his head. The other members of the group stand up and we are all lead back out onto the street. The traffic rushes by us as he explains the square boldness plate bolted into the pavement at our feet. This is a time capsule squawks the amplifier. The time capsule was buried in 1956 and will be opened again in the year 2006. It contains one bottle of Henry-Weinhards beer, and one local newspaper. I picture a crowd gathered here in nine year s and I picture them some fifty years ago. Maybe they shiver against the rain or maybe they brace themselves against a fierce wind rushing up Burnside St. like it is today. In any case I picture them waiting there as the sacred bottle is unearthed, having traversed time to bring us the old newspaper. I wonder if it will have frozen and cracked down there. I wonder if anyone will drink that bottle if it is intact when it is brought to surface. I picture the small man with the amplifier tipping back his head and downing the contents of the artifact. We are truly a people brought together most readily by such a symbol. Nothing warms Americans up to each other like alcohol. Blitz beer is one of the cheapest brands one can buy in the grocery investment company these days. It runs about four or five dollars for a twelve pack. Needless to say it is the choice of the thriftier lush. The can is of a simple design. White with red garner reading Oregons Premium quality beer for over fifty ye ars....Founded 1856. One is lead to wonder whether those fifty premium years are taking place now, or if they have already passed us by. Blitz is really not that bad. It does the job, as they say, but the beer connoisseur would not be impressed by the flavor or body.

Contribution of Community Development Programs Essay

DESCRIPTIONThe main target of this research is to determine the contribution of Community Development Programs of Multi-Purpose co-ops through defining the assets which passel needs for the means of living in terms of six capitals namely human, natural, financial, physical, social and political. Furthermore, to measure the efficiency of Community Development Programs of Multi-Purpose cooperatives in the way of lifespan of its members.OBJECTIVES* To determine the contributions of Community Development Program that the MPC implemented to its members and community of interests. * To discuss the different determinants used in implementing community development designs of MPC in selected Barangays of San Miguel Bulacan. * To find out how does community development platform affects the development and daily transaction of cooperatives with the members. * To measure the jolt of community development programs of Multi-Purpose conjunctives in selected barangays of San Miguel, Bulacan.* To determine the impact of Community Development Programs of Multi-Purpose Cooperative to the socio economic development of its communities. * To discover the uniqueness of cooperative existence that put them on the top of success in the near future. * To contribute techniques, skills and knowledge for Cooperative development.QUESTIONS* What atomic number 18 the contributions of community development program of Multi-Purpose Cooperative in developing the livelihood of its members and the communities deal to it? * How do the community development programs contribute to the development of Cooperatives? * What are the determinants used in the process of implementing the community development program of Multi-Purpose Cooperatives in selected barangays of San Miguel Bulacan?* How effective do the Community Development Program of Multi-purpose Cooperatives to the way of life of its members in terms of six capital asset, namely human capital, financial, social, physical, political andna tural? * What is the impact of community development program of multi-purpose cooperatives in the socio economic development of its communities that is engage to it? * How effective do the Community Development Programs for the stability of Cooperative to the industry? * What is the uniqueness of the Community Development Programs of Multi-Purpose cooperative among other Cooperatives and other business entities that makes them sure-fire?Mechanics of Program Implementation of Farmers Cooperative in San Miguel, Bulacan Brief DescriptionThe research focuses on the mechanics on how programs are beingness implemented. Cooperators are widely aware about the programs, its rules and regulations, and people involved. But how are those programs are formed? The main target of this research is to sustain quality selective information in doing keen mechanics. Furthermore, the group will give emphasis in identifying and explaining the process, factors, agenda, decision making and coverage of t he program implementation.OBJECTIVES* To define the meaning of Farmers Cooperative.* To give the realistic issues that gave birth to a certain program. * To indicate the factors affecting the program planning. * To determine how the coop starts the program planning. * To identify who are the decision makers of the program that will be implemented. * To examine how are those mechanics being systematized by the coop. * To go out their perception why they think a certain program should support a systematized process before being approved. * To enumerate the problems they encountered in doing the mechanics. * To know when the program proper should be implemented.QUESTIONS* What is farmers cooperative?* What are the possible issues who gave birth to a certain program?* What are the factors affecting the program planning?* How the coop starts the planning of such program?* Who are the decision makers of the program that will be implemented?* How long are those mechanics systematized by the coop?* Why they think a certain program should undergo a systematized process before being approved?* What are the problems they encountered in doing the mechanics?* When should be the program proper implemented? Does it require a certain spot?EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAMS IN COOPERATIVES IN SELECTED AREASBRIEF DESCRIPTIONThe research is appertained with the Effectiveness of breeding and Training Programs provided by the selected cooperatives in San Miguel, Bulacan. information, Training and selective information is the fifth of the Rochdale Principles, it states that co-operative societies must provide education and training to their members and the public. The researchers focus on the promotion of the empowerment of the members. Thus, will be able to express the importance and its impact to them.Other questions to ask include if and how the does the training of co-operatives provide increase members skill, how and does this help individuals, did the mem bers financial literacy increase and did members use new skills in other areas of their life. It aims to strengthen the identity operator so they can contribute effectively to the development of their co-operatives and to uplift the economic status of their lives.OBJECTIVES* To identify the roles of upbringing & Training Programs * To determine the importance and impact of Education & Training Programs to cooperatives and to its members * To know the different Education & Training Programs offered by the cooperatives and to be able to enhance the cooperative members knowledge. * To enumerate the requirements of CDA in implementing the Education & Training Programs. * To understand the nature of its procedures of Education & Training Programs being implemented by the Cooperative. * To know the profiles and assess if the selected cooperatives meet the requirements of the CDA effectively and efficiently.QUESTIONSThis research has the following statement of the problems* What roles do Education & Training programs in cooperative? * What are the importance of Education & Training Programs of Cooperatives? * What are the Education & Training Programs offered by the selected cooperatives in San Miguel, Bulacan? * What are the requirements of CDA in providing the Education & Training Programs of the Cooperatives? * What are the process/procedures of Education & Training Programs implemented by the selected cooperatives?

Positive and Negative Impact of Genetically Modified Food Essay

Genetically special (GM) foods are foods derived from organisms whose agenttic material (DNA) has been modified in a way that does non occur naturally, e.g. by dint of the introduction of a gene from a different organism. Currently available GM foods stem mostly from arranges, but in the future foods derived from GM microorganisms or GM animals are likely to be introduced on the market. Most existing genetically modified crops have been developed to improve yield, finished the introduction of resistance to plant diseases or of increased tolerance of herbicides. In the future, genetic modification could be aimed at altering the nutrient content of food, reduction its allergenic electric potential, or improving the efficiency of food production governing bodys. All GM foods should be assessed before being allowed on the market. FAO/WHO Codex guidelines exist for insecurity analysis of GM food.Positive and Negative Impacts Genetically Modified Food Has on the WorldThe term genetically modified food, also cognize as genetically modified organisms, is most commonly used to refer to crop plants created for human or animal consumption use the latest molecular biology techniques. The reason these plants are being modified today is to enhance sought after traits such as increased resistance to herbicides (pesticides used to kill unwanted plants) or improved nutritional content. In order to create these genetically modified foods, scientists must introduce specific changes to their DNA by using extremely precise genetic engineering techniques. While there are some benefits that genetically modified foods may offer, there are also some risks and electronegative affects that these foods croup cause as well.Genetically modified foods have been service of processful in many aspects of the world. Firstly, they have the ability to help meet the growing demands for food supply as the world population has topped 6 billion people and is predicted to double in the next 50 years or so. Ensuring becoming food supply for this booming population is going to be a major struggle in years to come, and genetically modified foods will help do this in a number of ways. Forexample, crop losses from insect pests can be shocking, resulting in devastating financial loss for farmers and starvation in developing countries. By growing genetically modified foods such as B.T. corn, farmers can help eliminate the production of chemical pesticides that cause potential health hazards, and there will be higher crop yields that many experts argue can help to feed people in these countries. In addition to this, plants can be genetically modified to be resistant to bacterial, fungal or viral infestation. For example, sweet potatoes have been modified to improve viral resistance, and bananas have been modified to resist the Black Sigatoka fungus. Growing genetically modified foods will therefore lead to less continues Harmful Effects of the AgentGenetically modi fied organisms (GMOs) are a broad group of plants, animals, and bacteria that are engineered for a wide variety of applications ranging from agricultural production to scientific research. The types of potential hazards posed by GMOs vary according to the type of organism being modified and its intended application. Most of the vex surrounding GMOs relates to their potential for negative effects on the environment and human health. Because GMOs that could directly effect human health are primarily products that can enter the human food supply, this website focuses on genetically modified food. To date, the only types of products that have been ratified for human consumption in the U.S. are genetically modified plants (FDA website). All genetically modified foods that have been approved are considered by the government to be as safe as their traditional counterparts and are generally unregulated (FDA website). However, there are several types of potential health effects that could result from the insertion of a novel gene into an organism. Health effects of primary concern to safety assessors are production of reinvigorated allergens, increased toxicity, decreased nutrition, and antibiotic resistance (Bernstein et al., 2003).Food AllergyFood Allergy affects approximately 5% of children and 2% of adults in the U.S. and is a significant existence health threat (Bakshi, 2003). Allergic reactions in humanity occur when a normally harmless protein enters the body and stimulates an immune response (Bernstein et al., 2003). If the novelprotein in a GM food comes from a source that is know to cause allergies in humans or a source that has never been consumed as human food, the concern that the protein could elicit an immune response in humans increases. Although no allergic reactions to GM food by consumers have been confirmed, in vitro evidence suggesting that some GM products could cause an allergic reaction has motivated biotechnology companies to discontinue t heir development (Bakshi, 2003).Increased ToxicityMost plants produce substances that are toxic to humans. Most of the plants that humans consume produce toxins at levels low enough that they do not produce any adverse health effects. There is concern that inserting an exotic gene into a plant could cause it to produce toxins at higher levels that could be dangerous to humans. This could happen through the process of inserting the gene into the plant. If other genes in the plant become damaged during the insertion process it could cause the plant to alter its production of toxins. Alternatively, the new gene could interfere with a metabolic pathway create a stressed plant to produce more toxins in response. Although these effects have not been observed in GM plants, they have been observed through conventional breeding methods creating a safety concern for GM plants. For example, potatoes conventionally bred for increased diseased resistance have produced higher levels of glycoalka loids (GEO-PIE website).Decreased Nutritional appriseA genetically modified plant could theoretically have lower nutritional quality than its traditional counterpart by making nutrients unavailable or indigestible to humans. For example, phytate is a compound common in seeds and grains that binds with minerals and makes them unavailable to humans. An inserted gene could cause a plant to produce higher levels of phytate decreasing the mineral nutritional value of the plant (GEO-PIE). Another example comes from a study showing that a strain of genetically modified soybean produced lower levels of phytoestrogen compounds, believed to protect against midpoint disease and cancer, than traditional soybeans (Bakshi, 2003).Antibiotic resistanceIn recent years health professionals have become alarmed by the increasing number of bacterial strains that are showing resistance to antibiotics. Bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics by creating antibiotic resistance genes through natural mut ation. Biotechnologists use antibiotic resistance genes as selectable markers when inserting new genes into plants. In the early stages of the process scientists do not know if the target plant will incorporate the new gene into its genome. By attaching the desired gene to an antibiotic resistance gene the new GM plant can be tested by growing it in a ascendent containing the corresponding antibiotic. If the plant survives scientists know that it has taken up the antibiotic resistance gene along with the desired gene. There is concern that bacteria living in the guts of humans and animals could pick up an antibiotic resistance gene from a GM plant before the DNA becomes completely digested (GEO-PIE website). It is not assoil what sort of risk the possibility of conferring antibiotic resistance to bacteria presents. No one has ever observed bacteria incorporating new DNA from the digestive system under controlled laboratory conditions. The two types of antibiotic resistance genes u sed by biotechnologists are ones that already exist in bacteria in nature so the process would not introduce new antibiotic resistance to bacteria. Never the less it is a concern and the FDA is encouraging biotechnologists to phase out the practice of using antibiotic resistance genes (GEO-PIE website).

Learning management system Essay

Department of Applied Finance and Actuarial Studies efficacy of Business and Economics unit of measurement Guide S1 extraneous Session 1, External 2013 Table of Content Table of Content General Information 2 3 Convenor and teaching rung Credit Points Prerequisites Corequisites Co-badged status Unit Description 3 3 3 3 3 3 reading Outcomes sagacity labours 4 5 Assignments parapraxis Study Quizzes 5 5 6 Unit Schedule Delivery and Resources 7 8 Classes Prizes Required and Recommended Texts and/or Materials Technology Used and Required Unit Web foliate article of faith and Learning Strategy Policies and Procedures 8 8.8 8 8 8 9 Academic honestness Grades Grading Appeals and Final Examination Script viewing Special Consideration polity Student Support UniWISE provides 9 9 9 9 10 10 Student Enquiry Service blondness Support IT Help 10 10 10 alumnus Capabilities 11 Capable of master key and Personal Judgement and Initiative Learning Outcome sound judgement assess 11 11 11 P roblem Solving and Research Capability Learning Outcome Assessment Task 11 11 11 Socially and Environmentally Active and Responsible Learning Outcome 11 11 Discipline Specific Knowledge and Skills 11 Learning Outcome Assessment Task 12 12.Critical, Analytical and Integrative Thinking Assessment Task 12 12 Research and Practice 13 rapscallion 2 of 13 General Information Convenor and teaching staff Unit Convenor Peter Mordaunt Email peter. mordauntmq. edu. au Consultation Hours As this course is an online course bookmans can consult with staff through iLearn or through the e-mail addresses above. Students experiencing significant difficulties with any topic in the unit must seek assistance immediately. Other Staff treat Wright Email sue. wrightmq. edu. au Credit Points 2 Prerequisites 45cp Corequisites N/A Co-badged statusThis unit is not co-badged. Unit Description For details of this unit contact the Faculty of Business and Economics. Page 3 of 13 Learning Outcomes 1. Develop per sonal pecuniary goals as grab to anticipated life stages 2. Construct and maintain a working budget victimisation appropriate financial tools 3. remove appropriate investment instruments to support budget results and achieve financial goals 4. Recognize the features and implications of common financial contracts 5. Compare and contrast different employment structures Page 4 of 13 Assessment Tasks Task Weight Due Date.Linked Learning Outcomes Linked Graduate Capabilities Brief Description Assignments 10% throw timetable in iLearn 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3, 8 Tasks place for learners Case Study 50% See timetable in iLearn 2 1, 2, 8 A case study covering material in Modules 1,2 & 3 Quizzes 40% See course timetable in iLearn 3, 4 3 A serial of online multiple choice quizzes Assignments Due Date See timetable in iLearn Weight 10% Warning This is an online course and therefore it is the students responsibility to waste for sale and access to the technology to access the material and to co mplete the tasks.No exceptions or extensions will be granted because of issues with the students technology,the students net profit provider or the students internet connectivity. S ubmission Submission is on-line. Module 1 concession due by mid-night 11th bound 2013. Module 2 assignment due by mid-night 25th March 2013. Extension No extension will be granted. Students who have not submitted their assignment prior to the due date will be awarded a mark of 0 for the assignment, except for cases in which an application for special consideration is made and approved. Penalties See extension. What is unavoidable to complete the unit satisfactorily.In order to turn back this subject, students m ust pass the case study, which enables them to dem onstrate their accum ulated and integrated understanding of the unit m aterial. If perform ance in the case study does not dem onstrate this level of achievem ent, a base on balls grade overall can be achieved by higher perform ance in the quizzes and the assignm ents. Case Study Due Date See timetable in iLearn Weight 50% Warning This is an online course and therefore it is the students responsibility to have available and access to the technology to access the material and to complete the tasks.No exceptions or extensions will be granted because of issues with the students technology, the students internet provider or the students internet connectivity. Submission Subm ission is on-line. C ase Study answer due by m id-night twentieth May 2013. Page 5 of 13 Extension No extension will be granted. Students who have not submitted the case study prior to the deadline will be awarded a mark of 0, except for cases in which an application for special consideration is m ade and approved. Penalties See extension What is required to com plete the unit satisfactorily.In order to pass this subject, students m ust pass the case study, which enables them to dem onstrate their accum ulated and integrated understanding of the unit m aterial. If perform ance in the case study does not dem onstrate this level of achievem ent, a passing grade overall can be achieved by higher perform ance in the quizzes and the assignm ents. Quizzes Due Date See course timetable in iLearn Weight 40% Warning This is an online course and therefore it is the students responsibility to have available and access to the technology to access the material and to complete the tasks.No exceptions or extensions will be granted because of issues with the students technology, the students internet provider or the students internet connectivity. Submission Subm ission is on line. Module 1Q uiz 1 on the 8th April 2013 Q uiz 2 on the 29th April 2013 Q uiz 3 on the 6th May 2013 Q uiz 4 on the 20th May 2013 Module 4Q uiz on the 3rd June 2013 Module 5Q uiz on the 7th June 2013 Extension No extensions will be granted. Students who have not attempted a quiz prior to the deadline will be awarded a mark of 0, except for cases in which an application f or specila consideration is m adenand approved.Penalties See extension. What is required to complete the unit satisfactorily? In order to pass this subject, students m ust pass the case study, which enables them to dem onstrate their accum ulated and integrated understanding of the unit m aterial. If perform ance in the case study does not dem onstrate this level of achievem ent, a passing grade overall can be achieved by higher perform ance in the quizzes and the assignm ents. Page 6 of 13 Unit Schedule Modules 1. Goals (anticipated student workload 4 hours) Online presentation of content Online discussion Reading/website connectence.Set your own goals Individually compose discussion 2. Budgets (anticipated student workload 5 hours) Online presentation of content Your Money ASIC resource and associated activities Online discussion Complete, explain & submit your own budget 3. Investments (anticipated student workload 50 hours) Basic Principles Interest calculations Tax Overview of Financial Scams Overview of investment options Overview of debt management Overview of Superannuation As stiff protection issues Case Study Complete online tests 4. Common Contracts (anticipated student workload 20 hours) Introduction.Overview of common contracts Online Test 5. Employment Structures (anticipated student workload 12 hours) Introduction Overview of common employment structures Online Test Again, please note it is the students responsibility to have available or access to the technology to access the material and to complete the assigned tasks. No exceptions or extensions will be granted because of issues with the students technology. Page 7 of 13 Delivery and Resources Classes 5 x online modules delivered via iLearn Prizes There are no prizes for this unit. Required and Recommended Texts and/or Materials.Students will be referred to online resources via iLearn as required for each module. Technology Used and Required Technology used iLearn Microsoft Office Internet Voice boards Technology requirements entrance fee to a computer Access to Microsoft Office Access to the Internet Unit Web Page Course material is available on the learning management system (iLearn). The web rapscallion for this unit can be found at www. iLearn. mq. edu. au Teaching and Learning Strategy Students are expected to listen to online lectures and read the material supplied via the Learning Management System.Students are expected to apply the knowledge in answering the various quizzes and assignments. Page 8 of 13 Policies and Procedures Macquarie University policies and procedures are accessible from P olicy Central. Students should be aware of the hobby policies in particular with regard to Learning and Teaching Academic Honesty Policy http//www. mq. edu. au/insurance/docs/academic_honesty/ polity. html Assessment Policy http//www. mq. edu. au/policy/docs/assessment/policy. html Grade Appeal Policy http//www. mq. edu. au/policy/docs/gradeappeal/policy.html Special Consideration Policy http//www. mq. edu. au/policy/docs/special_consideration/policy. html In addition, a number of other policies can be found in the L earning and Teaching Category of Policy Central. Academic Honesty The nature of pedantic endeavour, dependent as it is on the work of others, binds all members of the University community to abide by the principles of academic honesty. Its fundamental principle is that all staff and students act with integrity in the creation, development, application and use of ideas and education.This means that all academic work holded as original is the work of the author making the claim all academic collaborations are acknowledged academic work is not falsified in any way when the ideas of others are used, these ideas are acknowledged appropriately. Further information on the academic honesty can be found in the Macquarie University Academic Honesty Policy at http//www. mq. edu. au/policy/docs/academic_honesty/policy. html Grades Macquarie University uses the following grades in coursework units of study HD High Distinction D Distinction.CR Credit P Pass F Fail Grade descriptors and other information concerning equalisation are contained in the Macquarie University Grading Policy which is available at http//www. mq. edu. au/policy/docs/grading/policy. html Grading Appeals and Final Examination Script regard If, at the conclusion of the unit, you have performed below expectations, and are considering lodging an appeal of grade and/or viewing your final exam script please refer to the following website which provides information about these processes and the cut off dates in the first instance.Please read the instructions provided concerning what constitutes a valid grounds for appeal before appealing your grade. http//www. businessandeconomics. mq. edu. au/new_and_current_students/under ammonia alum_current_students/how_do_i/grade_appeals/ Special Consideration Policy The University is committed to equity and f airness in all aspects of its learning and teaching. In stating this commitment, the University recognises that there may be circumstances where a student is prevented by unavoidable disruption from performing in accordance with their ability.A special consideration policy exists to support students who experience serious and unavoidable disruption such that they do not reach their usual demonstrated performance level. The policy is available at http//www. mq. edu. au/policy/docs/special_consideration/policy. html Page 9 of 13 Student Support Macquarie University provides a range of Academic Student Support Services. Details of these services can be accessed at http//students. mq. edu. au/support/ UniWISE provides Online learning resources and academic skills workshops http//www. mq. edu.au/learning_skills/ Personal assistance with your learning & study related questions. The Learning Help Desk is located in the Library foyer (level 2). Online and on-campus orientation events run b y MentorsMacquarie. Student Enquiry Service Details of these services can be accessed at http//www. student. mq. edu. au/ses/. honor Support Students with a disability are encouraged to contact the Disability Support Unit who can provide appropriate help with any issues that spring up during their studies. IT Help If you wish to receive IT help, we would be glad to assist you at http//informatics.mq. edu. au/help/. W hen using the universitys IT, you must sting to the Acceptable Use Policy . The policy applies to all who connect to the MQ network including students and it outlines what can be done. Page 10 of 13 Graduate Capabilities Capable of Professional and Personal Judgement and Initiative We want our graduates to have emotional intelligence and sound interpersonal skills and to demonstrate discernment and common sense in their captain and personal judgement. They will exercise initiative as needed.They will be capable of risk assessment, and be able to handle ambiguity and complexity, enabling them to be adaptable in diverse and changing environments. This graduate capability is supported by Learning Outcome 1. Develop personal financial goals as appropriate to anticipated life stages 2. Construct and maintain a working budget using appropriate financial tools 3. Recognize the features and implications of common financial contracts Assessment Task 1. Tasks set for students 2. A case study covering material in Modules 1,2 & 3 Problem Solving and Research Capability.Our graduates should be capable of look foring of analysing, and interpreting and assessing selective information and information in various forms of drawing connections across fields of knowledge and they should be able to relate their knowledge to complex situations at work or in the world, in order to diagnose and solve problems. We want them to have the confidence to take the initiative in doing so, within an awareness of their own limitations. This graduate capability is supported by Learning Outcome 1. Develop personal financial goals as appropriate to anticipated life stages 2.Construct and maintain a working budget using appropriate financial tools 3. Select appropriate investment instruments to support budget results and achieve financial goals Assessment Task 1. Tasks set for students 2. A series of online multiple choice quizzes Socially and Environmentally Active and Responsible We want our graduates to be aware of and have respect for self and others to be able to work with others as a leader and a team player to have a sense of connectedness with others and country and to have a sense of mutual obligation. Our graduates should be informed and active participants in moving society towards sustainability.This graduate capability is supported by Learning Outcome 1. Select appropriate investment instruments to support budget results and achieve financial goals 2. Recognize the features and implications of common financial contracts Discipline Specific Knowl edge and Skills Page 11 of 13 Our graduates will take with them the intellectual development, depth and breadth of knowledge, scholarly understanding, and specific subject content in their chosen fields to make them competent and positive(p) in their subject or profession. They will be able to demonstrate, where relevant, professional technical competence and meet professional standards.They will be able to tell the structure of knowledge of their discipline, be able to adapt discipline-specific knowledge to novel situations, and be able to contribute from their discipline to inter-disciplinary solutions to problems. This graduate capability is supported by Learning Outcome 1. Develop personal financial goals as appropriate to anticipated life stages 2. Construct and maintain a working budget using appropriate financial tools 3. Select appropriate investment instruments to support budget results and achieve financial goals 4.Recognize the features and implications of common financ ial contracts Assessment Task 1. Tasks set for students 2. A case study covering material in Modules 1,2 & 3 Critical, Analytical and Integrative Thinking We want our graduates to be capable of reasoning, questioning and analysing, and to integrate and synthesise learning and knowledge from a range of sources and environments to be able to critique constraints, assumptions and limitations to be able to think independently and systemically in relation to scholarly activity, in the workplace, and in the world.We want them to have a level of scientific and information technology literacy. This graduate capability is supported by Assessment Task 1. Tasks set for students 2. A case study covering material in Modules 1,2 & 3 Page 12 of 13 Research and Practice This unit uses research from external sources. This unit gives you practice in applying research findings in your assignments.

Sister Flowers

I believe that the use of grammar is an important part of this passage. It is one of the points that Angelous character, moon daisy, uses to define the social split in her life. Marguerite uses many different examples to separate what makes Sister Flowers so different and special compared to herself and her own life. Marguerite has respect for Sister Flowers for a number of reasons the manner Sister Flowers speaks and uses her grammar, the way she dresses, the way she carries herself, her body shape and even the richness of her skin.Marguerite is pretty embarrassed for her and her grandmothers sake and in my opinion it shows how much Marguerite would ilk her grandmother to be much like Sister Flowers. She even goes as far as to say that she hated her grandmother for showing her ignorance. This helped me to understand how highly Marguerite regarded Sister Flowers and how much Marguerite would like to be like Sister Flowers. Mrs. Flowers has a little talk with Marguerite and tells her, basically, that lack of education does not pixilated a person isnt intelligent. She said that I must always be intolerant of ignorance solely understanding of illiteracy.That some people, unable to go to school, were more educated and even more intelligent than college professors. She encouraged me to listen carefully to what country people called mother wit. That is those homely sayings was couched the collective wisdom of generations. Education separates people, but something more important unites them self-respect and respect for one another. Just because Marguerites grandmother intelligence is passed from one generation to another, it shouldnt go on unnoticed because she empennage also learn something from it.

Operations Management assignment Essay

bring home the bacon grasp management is the coordination of the processes and functions within a business, adopted by some companies in the UK in the late 1990s. It deals with the in clod and external factors that, when dealt with correctly and systematic all in ally, can determine a businesses success or failure. A affix ambit is the network of activities that delivers a holy product returns to the guest. By definition, supply chain management (SCM) is the management of the flows of materials from suppliers to customers in order to reduce overall cost and increase responsiveness to the customers (Reid & Sanders). SCM entails the co-ordination of the movement of good by dint of the supply chain from suppliers to manufacturers to distributors to the final customer. The primary(prenominal) aim of SCM is to maximise the efficiency of any given process being carried out by a high society by doing this it is allowing them to try to cut their costs and hopefully keep satisfyin g their customers needs, while at the same time maintaining their competitive position within their market.Supply chain management is substantiaten as to a greater extent than of an fall in system in contrast to the traditional system used by the majority of companies just 20 years ago. The new open system allows room for change which is greatly needed with the current financial instability of the economy. SCM has evolved over the years and has moulded to suit the incessantly changing economy. First adopted by the Japanese, in the form of Geba Kai (A shock of the minds), the now commonly found process is used by a grand amount of companies in the UK. Nowadays, SCM within a business is responsible for a product from when its in its raw state to when its a finished product, ready for consumption by customers. The chain management that consolation club PLC currently uses is a very traditional system, otherwise kn witness as a wetd system.This type of management system isolates itself from the other comp geniusnts in the supply chain and in that locationfore only has communication flowing through the companies own system, this is a negative attribute as it prevents the club from getting important and influential information about the state of the other get togethers in their supply chain. When the dynamics of change happened, it forced the breakthrough of a new approach, the open system.The open system made companies a lot more open to operational change and as a result of this it made several managers, whose companies used the closed, more traditional system, view the new approach as a loss of power this consequently made a lot of companies resist against the change. The new and more pliable open system was adopted firstly by the Japanese in the form of Geba Kai, they were closely flowed by the British who quickly followed them in adopting it. There be still some nations that, even now, rigidly articulation to their old shipway and use the closed system, two examples of these nations are the Americans and the Germans.Along with the list of positives the gild lead gain by changing from a traditional chain system to a more formal supply chain management (SCM) system, there are also a few strategical reasons why a company should change to the newer system, reasons that go away help them to stay on par with the other business within their industry and within the tout ensemble business sector. One of these reasons is globalisation. As stated in Operations management Along the supply chain, Two thirds of todays businesses operate globally through global markets, global operations, global financing, and global supply chains. Globalisation means that British companies, such as Comfort Company PLC are going to have to be prepared to compete in markets that are foreign to them and also have foreign competition within their own interior(prenominal) markets. Companies that adopt, or have already adopted, a formal supply chain m anagement system will have an advantage upon those who havent and will be able to benefit from globalisation.There are many benefits a company would gain from introducing a formal supply chain management system, all fulfilling the wish to supply the customer with good quality products that Comfort Company plc posses, while at the same time giving them an opportunity to maximise their customer satisfaction, manage their supply chain effectively and allow flexibility to their supply chain. By maximising customer satisfaction, Comfort Company plc could asses how well they are meeting their customers needs, while at the same receiving an indication of how well the business is doing in comparison with their competition both in their market and foreign markets.Having a flexible supply chain would mean that the company would be able to react to change in demand quickly to ensure that they level the demand to their output, this would compose them a lot of time, waste and resources if a fre ak change in demand was to happen. If Comfort company plc did not adopt the formal supply chain management system they would be at assay of loosing a lot of money if an unforeseeable change was to happen, this would give them a disadvantage upon the competition and would lour their competitive advantage. Effective management of a supply chain could open up opportunities for Comfort Company plc to improve many aspects of their production, and authorisationly save themselves a lot of money. By identifying the unnecessary waste on the supply chain, Comfort Company plc could string the process an easier, cheaper and quicker one for themselves and other links in their supply chain this would make the chain more productive, consequently making the finished product better value.One of the main advantages of a formal supply chain management system, and an excellent attribute a company can have, is an advantage upon your competitors. Defined, competitive advantage is an advantage over c ompetition gained by offering consumers greater value, either by means of scorn prices or by providing greater benefits and service that justifies higher prices(Tutor2u.net, 2011). The type of competitive advantages a company such as Comfort Company plc would achieve from a formal SCM system are advantages such as lower costs and operational flexibility. As there are numerous ways of gaining a competitive advantage, the company in question needs to do some research into their market to see how it could be done, they could research the ways in which their successful competition operate and try to adopt some of their approaches.A good example of a company using its formal SCM system to achieve a good competitive advantage is Dell Computer Corporation. Quick delivery of customised computers at prices 10-15 percent lower than the industry standard is Dells competitive advantage. A customised Dell computer can be en route to the customer within cardinal hours. This quick response allow s Dell to reduce its inventory level to approximately thirteen days of supply. Dell achieves this in part through its warehousing plan. virtually of the components Dell uses are warehoused within fifteen minute travel time to an assembly point. Dell does not order components at its Austin, Texas, facility instead, suppliers restock warehouses as needed, and Dell is only billed for items only after they are shipped. The result is better value for the customer (Reid & Sanders).There are a few ways Comfort Company plc can gain competitive advantage within their market, such as using tools like business to business (B2B) e-commerce, or adopting one of Dells results gaining approaches and making sure that there components and raw materials for making the products are located a short travel time away from the place of assembly. Being locate on the Crewe Gates industrial park, where many other businesses, some similar to Comfort Company plc no doubt, are situated, theres sure to be some way that they could find a supplier closer.If this was to succeed they could create a good, strong relationship with the suppliers and build a barrier of trust and communication, this would be a perfect scenario to ensure the links in the supply chain are strong, as the supply chain is only as weak and its weakest link and vice versa. A business to business (B2B) e-commerce is when companies sell to other business, it is the largest segment of e-commerce. If Comfort Company plc were to use business to business (B2B) e-commerce, they could gain potential benefits such as trim down procurement administrative costs,Better quality because if increased cooperation of between buyers and sellers, especially during the product design and development,Low-cost access to global suppliers,Lower inventory investment due to price transparency and reduced response times (R. Dan Reid, Nada R. Sanders)The reasons/advantages stated above for changing from a traditional chain system to a formal supply chain management system are in fact more than just small advantages Comfort Company plc could gain, but necessary changed that need to be made if they want to survive the current economical crisis and still have customers/revenue at the end of it. With globalisation growing and the need to satisfy the customers becoming more apparent anddiverse, the formal supply chain management system is a necessary system that each business, no matter how small or large, should put into place. The formal SCM system will allow Comfort Company plc to integrate their information systems with their suppliers and customers in an lawsuit to meet their goals and objective while still at the same time doing this in a cost-saving way.With every new system brought into a company, there is the risk of it creating a few problems within the company this makes the need of a contingency plan much higher. There are a few risks that come along with implementing such a big change to a business so set in its way s like Comfort Company plc, a main one being the possible lack of cooperation from the custody or managers. When change happens in a workplace the employees can emotional state threatened and scared and will sometimes rebel against the new change, this could be avoided if the company took a few simple procedures to ensure the workforce are happy with the new system.They should tell the workforce about the new operational plan and get their feedback on it, this will make them feel involved in the change and will hopefully make them feel less alienated. Also, they should sit them down and explain the needs of introducing a formal supply chain management system into the company, and the benefits it would gain by doing so, if they feel it would be benefiting the company, they should feel happier about the change going on. Furthermore, if both of the steps are carried out correctly, it could make them more motivated towards their job as they will feel involved in the company and will h opefully want it to succeed.Another risk of the formal supply chain management system is the potential loss of jobs within the company this will be because some members of staff will not be needed as a go between for information between suppliers and so on. The redundancies in the company could possibly cause bad feeling between the workforce and the new system and could de-motivate them, possibly leading(p) to a decrease in the effort put in by the workforce this could potentially lead to a product being of a lower quality.Also, the possible redundancies made will be a negative factor for the economy as there will be a few more unemployed people in the country this is one of the only major downfalls of the introduction of the formal SCM system. However, there may be members of staff who are close to retirement and could benefit from voluntary redundancy and the benefits that go with it. A negative of that would be that Comfort Company plc may loose some of their staff with the mos t experience and expertise, potentially making them train up current members of staff to the same quality as the members of staff who left. However, the operations management team at Comfort Company plc will have to put contingency plans in place that cover all of the possible risks, and ways to reduce the risks from happening.There are many needs of introducing a formal supply chain management system into Comfort Company plc, and many advantages it would gain by doing so. While there are also some risks involved, the advantages and needs outweigh them massively as they could potentially provide Comfort Company plc with a competitive advantage, while at the same time reducing their costs and use of resources. Like the traditional chain system currently adopted by Comfort Company plc, the new, more up to date formal supply chain management system will fulfil their wish to supply the customer with good quality products while at the same time saving them resources and money, making the m more profitable. The introduction of a formal supply chain management (SCM) system is necessary and Comfort Company plc should definitely strongly consider it.ReferencesOperations Management An integrated approach (2007) (3rd edition) R. Dan Reid, Nada R. Sanders. rascals 16, 98-105 Operations Management Along the supply chain (6h edition) Russell & Taylor. Page 9. Tutur2u.net (2011) Competitive advantage (WWW) Available from http//tutor2u.net/business/strategy/competitive_advantage.htm

How Does Arthutr Miller Create Tension and Conflict Between John and Elizabeth Proctor at the Start of Act 2

The Crucible, is a 1952 fetch written by Arthur Miller as an allegory of Mcarthyism. The play follows a theocratic society in which the church and the state ar one, and reputation plays an important role in Salem where private and public moralities are the same. In act one, the secret office of John admonisher and Abigail Williams was revealed that led to conflict between John and his wife. Divorce was not permitted in the late sixteenth century, hence, the Proctors had to maintain their marriage causing discord at bottom the Proctor planetary mansion.At the start of Act 2, Miller creates a tense atmosphere of animosity portrayed by John and Elizabeth Proctor in their lack of affection, awkwardness, appraisal and guilt leading to affliction. In the beginning of Act Two, Miller portrays the tension in the Proctors house by the awkward atmosphere between John and Elizabeth when John returns home late. John is desperately trying to maintain a light atmosphere in the house by com plimenting Elizabeths cooking aspect that Its well seasoned, although we know that in fact it is John who in attempt to conceal Elizabeths bland cooking, had seasoned it himself.The author makes the earreach feel the lack of natural affection between the Proctors by their forced attempts to please each other. Throughout their conversation, John tells Elizabeth that he is planning to buy George Jacobs heifer, verbalism I mean to please you Elizabeth, as he tries to mend their relationship and seek her forgiveness. However, it is obviously hard for her to welcome his attempts as he have had an affair with Abby, and her actions towards him are detached.It is clear that the atmosphere in the house is blank and tense, by Millers constant use of questions and short replies. In addition, the tension between John and Elizabeth Proctor is accentuated by Elizabeths discredit and suspicion towards John, based on her knowledge on the affair between John and Abby. Elizabeth questions Johns honesty when he told her he had been alone with Abigail precept why, then, it is not as you told me, bearing down on him for lacking to mention this part altough the audience knows it was just a brief encounter.Furthermore, Elizabeth constant judgements lead to Johns critisism of her where he cannot keep conceal his anger towards Elizabeths judgement. After Elizabeth confronted John about still having feelings towards her, John had warned her You will not judge me anymore Elizabeth. Let you look to your returns nefore you go to judge your husband anymore. This shows that although John is trying desperately to please Elizabeth , he cannot do so when she is constantly judging him about his affair with Abigail.Consequently, a great deal of the conflict between John and Elizabeth, Miller portrays through Johns guilt over the affair. The audience feels that Elizabeths knowledge of the affair, makes John feel judged. Elizabeth questions John about his feeling for Abigail saying Joh n, if it were not Abigail that you must go to hurt, would you falter now? Elizabeths judgement leads John to struggle to regain his dignity and trust before his wife.After Elizabeth had suggested John had yet nearly feeling left for Abigail, John replies by saying I come into a court eithertime I come into this house. We are shown that John feels judged by Elizabeth every time he comes home that leads to his struggle to acquire Elizabeths forgiveness, and retain his dignity before her. In act Two, John tells Elizabeth that I confessed. Confessed Some dream I had must have mistaken you for God that day, revealing that he had confessed to her about the affair and almost expects her to give him some recognition for that.At the end of the scene, the astricted atmoshere remains within the couple when John pleads to Elizabeth, saying Let you look sometimes for the goodness in me, and judge me not, to which she replies I do not judge you. The magistrate sits in your middle that ju dges you. By this we are displayed Elizabeths feeling towards Johns accusation towards which she reveals to John that it is not her that he is being judged by, but in fact his quilty conscience over the affair.In Conclusion, the audince feels tension and conflict between John and Elizabeth in act two through Millers use of scenes of frigidity, lack of natural affection, constant use of questions and short replies,Elizabeths suspicion and distrust of John and their constant judgement of each other . This scene plays an important role to the events that were building up in Salem, as the conflict in their household can almost represent the hysteria that was building up in Salem at that time with constant suspicions, distrusts and judgement.

MRP II: Inventory Management

While MRP I primarily address the inbound flow of inventory (materials watchfulness), MRP II adds separate interfaces such as finance, marketing, and integrated logistics. Like MRP I, MRP II is a push inventory model which pushes product through manufacturing and distribution processes in order to assemble forecast demand. However, it adds further dimensions to the basic model. MRP II not only considers the inbound flow of material, but also how much material can actually be handle within the plant.Furtherto a greater extent, it actually handles production scheduling, outwear needs, inventory budgets, and personnel needs. But the most important feature is the addition of the finance interface. This module provides the cogency of transforming the operating production plans into financial terms, consequently the data can be used for financial planning and control purposes of a more general management nature.Another significant addition is the simulation module. This simulation ca pability enables management to perform a more comprehensive alternative planing lap in ontogeny the marketing and business plans. Operating variable could be regulated to examine the formationwide response to the proposed operating change.Besides MRP II includes the entire set of activities involved in the planning and control of production operations. It consists of a variety of functions of modules and includes production planing, resource requirement planning, master production scheduling, materials requirements planning (MRP I), shop floor control, and purchasing. footprint 1 Market Demand the process begins with an aggregation demand from all sources. Examples of sources ar firms orders, forecasts, and safety stock requirements.Step 2- Production Plan with inputs from manufacturing, finance, and marketing, the production plan would be derived.Step 3- Rough-cut capacity planning it involves short-term capacity considerations that ar affected by irregularities in demand. I t formulates benchmarks for the proper use of personnel, machines, and shifts. Bills of capacity and bills of labour resources are the primary inputs to determine rough-cut capacity. In the event of incapability in producing the require output (due to limitation of capacity), adjustment to the production plan would be made.Step 4- Master production agenda formulation of the master production schedules provides a realistic, detailed, statement of what the firm expects. It is more detail than the aggregate plan, it translates the aggregate plan into specialized numbers of specific products to be produced in a specific period of time.Step 5- Material requirements planning (MRP) MRP is the heart of the entire process (MRP II). When MRP comes into play, material and schedule requirements would be generated.Step 6- Capacity requirements planning at this stage, the capacity requirement planning determine whether the firm has enough capacity (e.g. worker, space, money) to meet the schedule s. Again, if schedules could not be met, some adjustment in the master production schedule would be required else requirements would be scheduled. Improved consistency in one-time customer delivery diminution in purchasing cost due to fewer expedited shipments Inventory reduction of one-fourth to one-third (cost reduced) Improve responsiveness to demand changes Allowing more planning flexibility Minimization of workforce overtimeProblems in Implementation of MRP IIImplementation an MRP II system is a monumental effort. The system requires a tremendous totality of information, which essential be accurate if the system is to be successful. The MRP II systems is capable of affecting all function within Forgess marketing, production, purchasing, accounting, finance and logistic. All personnel who have any interaction with the MRP II system require training. Further, Forges must(prenominal) be committed to make the MRP II system work. The problems that occur in implementing MRP are frequently organizational and behavioral rather than technical.Existing Systems and the Informal SystemIf an MRP II system is replacing an existing production and inventory control system, Forges whitethorn see significant resistance to change, even if the existing system has been unsatisfactory. People generally resist to change, and they prefer the familiar to the unfamiliar. Also, when a system performs poorly, an informal system develops to deal with problems.For MRP II to operate strongly, the company must have a large amount of timely and accurate data. Besides, bill of material must be developed for all items. Furthermore, all the bill of material (BOM) must be reviewed, updated, and structured that provide the data needed by MRP II. This would not be a simple task. Frequency product changes and modification can make the process of developing a BOM challenging. To maintain the integrity of the BOM, the company must practice effective configuration control, that is, the compa ny must control and coordinate changes to its products to ensure a smooth changeover to new product designs.After a system is installed, watchful attention and discipline must be exercised to ensure at all data used by the system is accurate. For example, if a clerk is supposed to discharge a code 3, indicating that the item is purchase in thousands, but instead enters code 1, indicating that it is purchase in dozens, serious error and material shortages are liable(predicate) to occur. If a system gives erroneous data at times, people may develop other way to get the data they need and may no longer bother to update the system, since they no longer use it. The system could then become even less reliable and be a preventive rather then a benefit.All MRP II data must be accurate to ensure system integrity, but the inventory data are the most difficult to maintain because they change frequency. The MRP II inventory data must be compared periodically with the actual physical inventor y to maintain accuracy. semiweekly counting involves more than just counting parts. Forges must maintain proper housekeeping so that parts are properly located, accessible and identified. When implementing MRP II for the outgrowth time, getting inventory under control can be a formidable task.Top-level managers and managers are in all parts of the organization that will be affected by MRP must clearly recognize all the efforts needed to achieve this new way of managing their activities. These mangers must fully support all the changes and must remain supportive of the new system.The participation of users of the system in its development will make the people more familiar with the system. Besides, they would also be more committed as they play a part in the systems development.For the system to work, the entire user would have to be properly trained. Users must understand the system in order to used it effectively.A well-designed MRP system could help to improve a companys operati on greatly, however a poorly designed can lead a company into deep trouble.Wallaces Proven Path for MRP ImplementationAccording to Thomas Wallace, an MRP II expert, the instruction execution could be completed in 18 months. 12 months for implementing MRP, 3 months to close the circle, and three more months to implement MRP II. Figure above is a graphic bureau of the implementation timetable.The process starts with first-cut education follows by developing a consensus that the company should implement MRP. Next, the education and training phase will begin and it is an ongoing act even after implementation. By the second month, inventory accuracy and bill of material accuracy and structure will begin, they are the most time and labour consuming step. In the mid of the third month, production planning and MPS policies together with the system and software participation would start. By the eighth month, the first pilot program would commence. Subsequently the cutover phase would st art. By the end of the twelveth month, the implementing of the basic MRP would be completed.The next three-month is for closing the MRP loop which encompass shop-floor control, capacity requirement planning and purchasing. Routings, work centers and system preparation will commence simultaneously. Once finished, another pilot program will commence follows by the cutover program. By the end of the fifteenth month, the MRP loop would be closed.

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Using NPV and IRR

The difference between the pose evaluate of property inflows and the afford value of capital outflows. NPV is used in capital budgeting to analyze the profitability of an investment or suffer. NPV analysis is sensitive to the dependableness of future cash inflows that an investment or project will yield. NPV compargons the value of a dollar right away to the value of that same dollar in the future, taking inflation and returns into account. If the NPV of a prospective project is positive, it should be accepted. However, if NPV is negative, the project should probably be rejected because cash flows will also be negative.Net donation value, or NPV, is one of the calculations business managers use to evaluate capital projects. A capital project is a long-run investment or improvement, such as building a new store. The NPV calculation determines the present value of the projects projected future income. In the calculation, the present value of the projects cost is subtracted fr om the present value of future income. A positive mesh topology present value usually means you should accept or implement the project. melody owners who compare two or more projects tend to favor the one with the higher net present value.ADVANTAGES OF NET PRESENT VALUE (NPV)NPV gives important to the time value of currency.In the calculation of NPV, both(prenominal) after cash flow and before cash flow over the life span of the project are considered. lucrativeness and risk of the projects are given high priority.NPV helps in maximizing the firms value.DISADVANTAGES OF NET PRESENT VALUE (NPV)NPV is awkward to use.NPV can non give accu footstep decision if the amount of investment of mutually exclusive projects is not equal.It is difficult to seem the appropriate discount rate.NPV may not give correct decision when the projects are of unequal life.IRR ( inborn pasture OF pass on)Internal rate of return is a discounting cash flow technique which gives a rate of return that is realise by a project. We can define internal rate of return as the discounting rate which makes gibe of initial cash outlay and discounted cash inflows equal to zero. In other words, it is that discounting rate at which the net present value is equal to zero.IRR is a prominent technique for evaluation of big projects and investment proposals astray used by management of the comp whatsoever, banks, financial institution etc. for their various purposes. The calculation of an IRR is little tricky. It is expedient in terms of its simplicity and it has certain disadvantages in the form of limitations under certain special conditions.ADVANTAGES OF inwrought RATE OF RETURN (IRR)Perfect Use Of Time Value Of Money TheoryTime value of money means interestingness and it should high because we are sacrifice of money for specific time. IRR is nothing but shows high interest rate which we expect from our investment. So, we can say, IRR is the perfect use of time value of money theory.All C ash Flows Are equally ImportantIt is good method of capital budgeting in which we give equal importance to all the cash flows not earlier or later. We just create its relation with different rate and want to know where is present value of cash inflow is equal to present value of cash outflow.Uniform RankingThere is no base for selecting any particular rate in internal rate of return.Maximum Profitability Of ShareholderIf there is only project which we bring on to select, if we check its IRR and it is higher than its cut off rate, then it will give maximum profitability to shareholderDISADVANTAGES OF INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN (IRR)To understand IRR is difficultIt is difficult to understand it because many student cannot understand why are calculating different rate in it and it becomes more difficult when real value of IRR will be two experimental rate because of not equalize present value of cash inflow with present value of cash outflow. Unrealistic Assumptionfor calculating IRR we create one assumption. We think that if we invest out money on this IRR, after receiving profit, we can easily reinvest our investments profit on same IRR. It is an unrealistic assumption. 3. Hurdle esteem Not RequiredIn capital budgeting analysis, the hurdle rate, or cost of capital, is the required rate of return at which investors allot to fund a project. It can be a subjective figure and typically ends up as a rough estimate. The IRR method does not require the hurdle rate, mitigating the risk of determining a persecute rate. Once the IRR is calculated, projects can be selected where the IRR exceeds the estimated cost of capital.COMPARISM BETWEEN NET PRESENT VALUE (NPV) AND INTRNAL RATE OF RETURN (IRR)NPV and IRR methods are effective methods for determining whether to accept a project, both have their advantages and disadvantages.AdvantagesWith the NPV method, the advantage is that it is a localise measure of the dollar contribution to the stockholders. With the IRR metho d, the advantage is that it shows the return on the original money invested.DisadvantagesWith the NPV method, the disadvantage is that the project size is not measured. With the IRR method, the disadvantage is that, at times, it can give you conflicting answers when compared to NPV for mutually exclusive projects. The multiple IRR problem can also be an issue, as discussed below.WHY DO NPV AND IRR METHODS PRODUCE CONFLICTING RANKINGS?When a project is an single-handed project, meaning the decision to invest in a project is independent of any other projects, both the NPV and IRR will always give the same result, either rejecting or accepting a project.While NPV and IRR are useful metrics for analyzing mutually exclusive projects that is, when the decision must be one project or another(prenominal) these metrics do not always point you in the same direction. This is a result of the measure of cash flows for each project. In addition, conflicting results may simply occur because of the project sizes.

Education †Gymnasium Essay

Title Education is everywhere in the world. Individuals are learning here and there. Everyone would agree that education is a fundamental way of life. Education is obtained learning from duple people such as parents, friends, teachers and even other surroundings. Every individual is educated and taught differently. Education should be built not only on the text that lies within a book, nevertheless should also be base with everyday life. Agree on McCullough and Oliphant perspectives because invests and how life is not revolved around grades. Grades should not be based on how smart an individual is. Although Oliphant Letter to a B Student wrote Your performance is in general assumed to correspond to the knowledge you have acquired and will retain (137). They could be really intelligent or ignorant, but the letter grade they receive defines who they are. The letter grade that most individuals want to receive is an A, but others settle for the best they can receive.In McCullough s peech Youre Not Special he says Where keen is no longer good enough, where a B is the new C, and where the midlevel curriculum is called Advanced College Placement (McCullough). level the ones that try their hardest on something might have a difficult time trying to comprehend the material. They puzzle about the grade they might receive and it stresses them out. There are individuals that just brush off or brag about the grade they received to make the others feel bad about themselves.For example, one educatee might have taken an exam that they studied for and failed the other student did not study and passed. Individuals wish well to brag about their grades that they probably do not deserve. How life is not revolved around grades because it is more than that to life. Oliphant said Your grade does not represent a judgment of your basic ability or of your region (137). flock think that individuals such as students that do not make a senior high school grade that they are n ot trying their best at what they are doing.There are a component part of wealthy people that are wealthy without grades defining them. Some of them could have made low grades when they were young and people said they would not be successful it because they are failing everything. There are a handful of successful individuals that did not make it far in school, but is doing something good with their life. Individuals should not hazard people because of several failing grades they could be more intelligent than everyone thinks they are. McCullough talks about Youre not special, because everyone is (McCullough).In conclusion, grades should not define a person on what they make on a paper. People should not judge a person by a low grade or high grade. Agreeing with McCullough and Oliphant perspectives. People are more intelligent than individuals think they are. Works CitedMcCullough, David. Youre Not Special. Myfoxboston. com. Fox tv set Stations, Inc. 6 June 2012. Web. 22 Feb. 2013. Oliphant, Robert. Letter to a B Student. Writing on the River An Anthology. 3rd ed. Boston McGraw-Hill, 2012. 136-142. Print.

Mergers & Acquisitions Paper Essay

Mergers and acquisitions is an important aspect of corporate strategy, finance and management. This is done with the buying, selling, dividing and combining of divers(prenominal) companies and similar entities. It can help an enterp dress up grow rapidly in its sector as healthy as the impertinently sector it just acquired without the hassle of creating a subsidiary from scratch. This activity is on the rise instaurationwide. According J. Finnegan in Global Mergers and Acquisitions Activity Continue to Rise article, this increase has been accompanied by the authorize of mega-deals (value exceeding $10 billion) driven primarily by large multinational corporations flush with cash in the U.S. Two of the biggest acquisitions in 2012 are from the zip Industry and Tech industry where Duke cogency Corporation acquired get up Energy Inc. and Google acquired Motorola Mobility.I) Duke Energy Corp. acquired Progress Engergy Inc.According to Yahoo finance, in the first case in the musc le industry, when the merger was announced on January 10, 2011, the transaction value totaled $26 billion, including Progress Energys debt. Currently based on Duke Energys dower price and including Progress Energys debt, the transaction is valued at about $32 billion. Duke Energy Corporation (DUK) announced that it has acquired Progress Energy Inc., effective July 2, 2012. The original Duke Engergy includes Duke Energy International, which operates power plants in Central and South America Duke Energy Renewables, which develops and owns fart and solar projects in the U.S. and Duke Energys Midwest generation and Duke Energy Retail, which generate, market and sell electricity in the Midwest.Now, the new entity has nearly $49 billion in market capitalization, total assets more than $ atomic number 6 billion and 7.1 million electric users in the Carolinas, Florida, Indiana, Kentucky and Ohio. The transaction makes Duke Energy the largest U.S. utility and increases its ability to buil d new power plants to meet future greenhouse-gas emissions limits. Earlier, Chicago-based Exelon Corporation (EXC) was the largest U.S. utility. The new company would be k like a shotn as Duke Energy with headquarters in Charlotte, and substantial operations in Raleigh, North Carolina. Duke Energy would trade on the vernal York Stock Exchange under the symbol DUK. Pursuant to the merger deal, Progress Energy has become a wholly owned direct unit of Duke Energy. On a standalone basis, Duke Energy had an adjust earnings per share guidance range of $1.40 $1.45 for 2012.Under the terms of the merger agreement, each share of Progress Energy earthy clove pink has been converted into the right to receive 0.87083 shares of Duke Energy common stock. Due to the effect of the 1-for-3 reverse stock split, which was consummate related to this merger transaction, this guidance range is the equivalent of $4.20 $4.35 per share. The combined company continues to target 2012 adjusted earnings per share range of $4.20 $4.35. The reverse stock split is designed to reduce the number of big Duke Energy shares. The merger is expected to keep the companys long-term goal of 4% 6% growth in good shape. Overall, their strong balance sheet, ongoing capital expansion projects and an above just dividend yield are very good signs that this merger and acquisition is working well for them.II) Google acquired Motorola MobilityOne of the worlds most valuable brand name in the tech industry is Google, Inc. a ti valley native company. Founded in 1988 out of a garage, it has now become the largest and most popular essay engine on the Internet. Its strong growth is credited to its creative, think outside the box and risk-taking culture. In new-fangled years, it has been involved in a lot of new ventures and mergers and acquisitions with different industries to expand its operation. One of its new ingathering is the Android operating system offered for free to smartphone manufacturer s to compete with the Apple iphones iOS system.Google has also been trying to take and release its own smart phones but hasnt met much success. In addition, it is facing the risk of legion(predicate) lawsuits relating to pattern with Apple. So in smart and bold move, Google has decided to acquire phone maker Motorola Mobility and completed this deal in May 2012 for a whopping $12.5 billion which makes it the largest Google acquisition ever This will unimpeachably push it deeper into the fast growing cell phones industry.Motorola Mobility used to be a strong player in the cell phone industry but in recent years, it has struggled and suffered constantly. As its line of smartphones has waned in popularity, Motorola Mobility has suffered losses totaling $1.7 billion during the past three years while Google has earned atotal of $25 billion over the same stretch. The acquisition is largely a defensive one from Googles perspective. Google needs Motorolas trove of 17,000 cellphone paten ts (plus an extra 7.500 that are awaiting approval) to defend Android phones against lawsuits by Apple, which accuses them of copying iPhone features. Its now playing in Apple territory.Buying Motorola gives Google the ability to control both hardware and software, by reservation its own integrated smartphones and other devices. Under the term of the acquisition, Google will acquired all outstanding common shares of Motorola for $40 per share and transaction costs were $50 million. Out of the 12.4 billion total purchase price, goodwill takes up to $2.6 billion, patterns takes up to $5.5 billion with only $670 million to other net assets.Although it initially was drawn to Motorola Mobility for its patents, Google has been signaling lately that it has been drawing up more ambitious plans for Motorola Mobility. Besides producing smartphones and tablet computers, Motorola Mobility also makes cable-TV boxes that could provide Google with a springboard for delivering more of its service s, including advertising, to living rooms.ReferencesGoldman , David. Google seals $13 billion Motorola buy. 22 2012 n. page. Print. .Google completes $12.5B acquisition of phone maker Motorola Mobility after mainland China clears deal . 22 2012 n. page. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. .Finnegan, Jim. Global mergers and acquisitions activity continues to rise. 24 2011 n. page. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. .

Modern Figurative Art Essay

The creative persons used darker colours from the 1830s to the 1860s, and the main subject of the pics were maneuverless portraits of significant people or self portraits of the machinationists themselves. As you move further through the sections, there ar more than scenic and historical paintings, as well as paintings showing everyday situations of the time. I piece interesting the amount of landscape/nature paintings, as well as paintings depicting life in Canada in their respective time periods. By the end, we get the more expressionits and surcharge paintings that get larger in size as time progressed.Finding Meaning in ArtArt asks us to date our own meaning at times. Find the large work Pavane by Canadian artist Jean-Paul Riopelle in head A111.(a) How is the artist nerve-wracking to channelize meaning?I think Riopelle is trying to convey meaning in the work by using three very large canvases and a entire variety of colours to attract the viewers attention. When yo u walk into the room the enormous size of the painting get your attention immediately. The three sections ar divided for a reason finding in the centre of attention the widest spectrum of colours and other less behave out colour in the surroundings. A very abstract painting, you can tell alot of effort and time has been put into Pavane.(B)What is your interpretation of Pavane?It took me a long trance to try to understand Pavane, I couldnt really see past the simple strips of coloured paper, and the wide size of the painting, then after a couple of minutes of studying and walking around it I began to notice how the main colours are in the center and arent just thrown into the painting randomly, it is very different to the other paintings in the room so I thought perhaps Riopelle was trying to make this piece more modern-day than the other pieces of work of the time. Trying to be different and to stand out as an artist, just like the colours in Pavane, to be the center of the ar t world.When I researched Pavane online, I found that it was partially true, because after making this painting he became very victorious in the cultural scene.Nature, Mathematics and ArtAfter you are through gallery A114, go into the garden. on that point is a metal piece of art which looks like DNA. You are allowed to play with this if you choose. Look at the plants more closely.(a) Is nature itself art? If so, does that mean everything is art?Nature is not art, but is the basis of it, its there so we can turn it into our own personal interpretation of it. Its when a human takes nature and creatively does something with it so that it influences and affects the senses, emotions, and/or intellect that it actually becomes art. Human intervention is what makes Art, Art.(b) Do you think computers can create factual art on their own, or are people required to create art?Computers cannot create art because they are incapable of having emotions and to convey meaning to a work of art. B esides, computers are made my man, so if a computer creates art, it is because a human has programmed the computer to able to create it.ArchitectureNext to the fern garden is the straightway reconstructed Rideau Street Convent Chapel. Sit in it for a moment to rest.(a) Do you think this chapel has a rightful place in an art gallery? Why or why not?I think the chapel doesnt have a rightful place in the art gallery because even though its very pretty and decorative I found it to be too modern for my liking, and also didnt have much to do with what the subjects in the previous rooms were. There was worship influence in the some paintings but in the majority. It would be conveniently placed in a section that includes more religious sculptures and works of art.(b) What qualities do you think buildings need to be called good computer architecture?Good architecture is a building intentionally d integrity to communicate a certain inwardness and that took a lot of hard work and thought in to making. If it is creating solely to serve a purpose it is not art, but if it also has an idea or a message construct into it, its when it becomes art.(c) Excluding Parliament Hill, Chateau Laurier, controlling Court of Canada, the National Gallery of Canada, museums, or any other government building Name one building in Ottawa you consider art and one building you think is not art. Explain.I found the Notre Dame Cathedral very impactful when I first got here, I think its art because it was built not just as a church but to evoke a religious solution from people, the originality of the silver material its made from make it an attractive and artistic structure.A building that is not art would be just a regular ScotiaBank office building, this is because of many reasons, there was no emotion or idea put into it, its is not attractive of artistic in any way and there are many of these in almost every Canadian city, which takes out its originality.

BMW Group Essay

Bayersiche Motoren Werke stem (BMW sort out) is a German keep company whose opeproportionns are focused on the premium pieces of the international automobile merchandises (BMW host). BMW free radical was founded in 1916 and established its main plant and headquarters in Munich, Germany just after World War I in 1922. Those facilities exist as BMWs headquarters and flagship plant to this day (BMW assemblage). BMW Group coordinates its activities in to a greater extent than 150 countries on 6 continents and ope places 29 manufacturing facilities in 13 of those countries (BMW Group). Those manufacturing facilities are concentrated in occidental Europe with 9 in Germany, 2 in Austria, and 3 in the UK. Its other manufacturing facilities and joint-owned plants are unlogical abroad with 3 in North America, 2 in South America, 2 in Africa, and 7 in Asia (BMW Group). With BMW, MINI, and Rolls-Royce, the BMW Group owns three premium brands in the international automobile industry. I n addition to its tight position in the motorcycles commercialize with the BMW brand, the BMW Group withal offers a achieverful range of financial function which make up a relatively sm each portion of BMW Groups total tax (BMW Group). BMW Group reports its segmented revenues according to geographical sales. The graph below breaks BMW Groups overall yearbook revenues into 4 geographic categories with 3 subcategoriesFigure 1 Overall Revenue Growth by geographical Ope evaluation SegmentExpressed in Euros. Source BMW Groups 2012 yearly Report As shown in Figure 1, the European and Asian markets in particular have shown impressive sales branch since 2009 with CAGRs of 7% and 44%, respectively. BMW Groups revenues from China alone have increased from 2.76 one gazillion million million to 14.44 billion in 4 eld (CAGR51%). Huge sales growth in the Asian market has proven very lucrative for BMW Group who forecasts further growth, especially in developing markets.Figure 2 Busi ness Segments as % of Total RevenuesFigure 2 shows BMW Groups segmented revenue as it relates to total annual revenue. This chart emphasizes, again, the growth of BMW Groups Asiansegment, the relatively flat voice of sales in the Americas, and the slight decrease in total revenue coming from Europe. With the majority of BMW Groups manufacturing facilities in Europe, we might see to a greater extent facilities being built in Asian countries wish well China as BMW Group shifts its focus to lucrative emerging markets in the future.Figure 3 Revenues by Segment for Reporting PurposesFor reporting purposes, BMW Group breaks their teachings into categories Automotive and other(a) (Motorcycles, Financial Services, Other Entities, and Eliminations). Figure 3 offers an sample of the detailed dislocation with subcategories included. See Appendix A for further details.Source BMW Group annual educationAs a percentage of total revenue, Figure 3 indicates that automotive sales make up 91. 4% of BMW Groups revenue in 2012 and 91.9% in 2011. This slight downward trend brook be attributed to the growth of BMW Groups financial services sector which is relatively impertinent having begun in 1993 (BMW Financial Services).Figure 4 Growth of Balance Sheet ComponentsSource BMW Group Annual StatementFigure 4 offers an insightful glance at BMW Groups Asset/Liability balance. sensation important note is the debt/equity ratio shown on the right side of the graph. BMW Group states its equity ratio at 23.1% in 2012 and 22% in 2011 (BMW Group). This means BMW Group chooses to finance its operations mostly with debt. To embolden that decision, BMW Group has an S&P short-term quotation rating of A-1 and a long-term credit rating of A+ allowing BMW Group to borrow at lower rates (BMW Group). This will be discussed further in our hazard management policy overview. another(prenominal) important note is the ratio of stream assets/non-current assets which sits around 33%. BMW Groups current assets harp mostly of receivables from sales financing and inventories while their ampler non-current assets consist mostly of long-term receivables from sales financing and leased products. As a mea sealed of liquidity, BMWs current ratio for 2012 is 1.04 which signifies that BMW Group defends an efficient direct cycle and is capable of handling its financial obligations, even though 32 billion are tied up innon-current receivables. BMW Groups Foreign swop (FX) Risk Management PolicyIn order to achieve growth, profitability, and sustainable levels of business in the future, BMW Group understands that it must expose itself to a degree of calculated attempt. In its most recent quarterly statement to its stockholders, BMW Group recognized that, Managing encounters is a fundamental prerequisite for being able to deal successfully with the eternal flow of changes in the relevant political, legal, technical and economic landscapes (BMW Group). BMW Groups discussion in it s annual report around the many chances it faces is extensive. The report includes fortune topics around sales and marketing, pension obligations, information technology, tender stuff and nonsenses, and many other detailed business components. For this discussion, we will focus on financial risks and those relating to their international risk management.The first category of financial risk is exchange risk. For BMW Group, the sale of vehicles outside the Eurozone gives rise to exchange risk because changes in exchange rates, especially between the US dollar, Chinese renminbi, British pound, Russian rouble, and the Japanese yen, way out BMW Group to transaction exposure. BMW Group claims to manage currency risks at twain different levels strategic (medium and long-term) and operating (short and medium-term) (BMW Group). For medium and long-term risks, irrelevant exchange risks are managed by natural hedge, or by increasing the volume of purchases denominated in foreign curren cies or increasing the volume of local production (BMW Group). An example of strategic risk mitigation in this context might be the opening of a new plant in South Carolina, USA in 2012 to help reduce foreign exchange risk in a major sales market. For short and medium-term risks, hedging transactions are entered into with financial partners of glorious credit standing to mitigate operating risk. In its most recent annual statement, BMW Group clarifies that they merely use derivative instrument financial instruments for hedging purposes in order to reduce currency, interest rate, fair observe, and market cost risks from operating activities and related financing requirements (BMW Group). BMW Group operates under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) whichrequires all derivative financial instruments (interest, currency swaps, forward currencies, forward commodities contracts, etc.) to be measured at fair value, heedless of the intention for which they are held.At y ear end, 2012, BMW Group held derivative instruments (mostly interest rate swaps) with terms of up to 25 months to hedge interest rates arising on financial instruments with variable interest payments over the forecasted two years. BMW Group also held derivative instruments (mostly commodity swaps) with terms of up to 60 months to hedge raw material price risks attached to future transactions over the next five years. Lastly, BMW Group held derivative instruments (mostly alternative and forward contract options) with terms of up to 72 months to hedge currency risks attached to future transactions. As stated in a previous segment, BMW Groups debt ratio is carefully manipulated to achieve what BMW Group feels is its optimal capital structure. BMW Groups debt ratio has averaged about 78% for the past five years with no indication of a future change in their annual statement. An important aspect of risk management as it relates to their capital structure is the careful selection of fin ancial instruments with the objective to achieve unified maturities for their debt requirements and other financial obligations (BMW Group). BMW Group seems to do a good job of timing their payments and managing the risks associated with those payments to make sure they can shoulder the burden of their nearly 70 billion in total financial liabilities (Q3 2013 Report).Another category for discussion is the risk around BMW Groups procurement of raw materials. Since the availability and price of certain groups of raw materials are subject to change, BMW Group pays clam up attention to commodities markets to stay aware of ever-changing landscapes (BMW Group). According to their annual statement, BMW Group utilizes financial derivatives to hedge against price risks for essential metals like platinum, palladium, aluminum, copper, and lead.BMW Group also recognizes the risk they face because of the indirect impact changes in the price of crude oil have on their production costs. Oil pric es affect customers behavior around purchasing BMW Groups products because consumers will practically search out a substitute instead of absorbhigher fuel costs. BMW Group feels that a proper response to this risk is simply to develop and sell efficient and economical engines to reinforce their value proposition (BMW Group).BMW Group is concerned about the creditworthiness of its lenders, borrowers, and derivative instruments partners. Every borrowers creditworthiness is tested for all credit financing and lease contracts entered into by the BMW Group (Annual Report). Retailers creditworthiness is assessed using validated scoring systems integrated into the purchasing mathematical operation (BMW Group). BMW Groups overall credit risk related to derivative financial instruments is minimized by the fact that BMW Group will only consider contracts with parties of first-class credit standing. Because of BMW Groups close attention to detail and aggressive management of its internationa l risk, the general credit risk on derivative financial instruments utilized by BMW Group is considered to be insignificant (BMW Group).Figure 5 Breakdown of Other Comprehensive IncomeSource BMW Group Annual StatementFigure 5 presents a detailed breakdown of Other Comprehensive Income including the gains/losses on financial instruments used for hedging purposes and the exchange differences on translating foreign operations for 2011 and 2012. Since BMW Group claims it only utilizes derivative financial instruments as a risk management tactic, this segment should operate as a cost center. On average, the gains/losses on financial instruments should help cherish BMW Group from wild volatility from its many sources of diversifiable risk. Exchange differences are also lumped into OCI and shows the effect of exchange rate differences in the currencies belonging to the many countries BMW Group serves.ConclusionBMW Group has expanded in a moderately short period of time into operations (t hrough direct investment or licensed dealerships) in more than 150 countries. To date, BMW Group has done an exceptional job expanding andinvesting in foreign markets. In many cases, the use of joint ventures with local companies has helped BMW Group enter new markets. This is usually a less untamed undertaking because if the venture fails, they shoulder a smaller risk than their local counterparts. If the venture is successful, then the company transitions smoothly into the new market with greater confidence and consistency. This method has proven to be very in effect(p) for BMW Group, especially in the rapid growing Asian markets where they can test new markets and mitigate risk by transferring most of the risk to their venture partners. BMW group has built strong foreign segments, especially in the United States and China. This has been evidenced in the US by strong brand awareness and brand crosstie coupled with significant overall revenue performance with the US contributing 18% of BMW Groups revenues. BMW Groups strong performance in China is evidenced by a 51% CAGR over the past 5 years which boosted BMWs overall revenue from 53 billion in 2007 to 77 billion in 2012 (CAGR 15%). With their large success in international expansion, they have had mixed success with their hedging strategies. Their gains/losses on financial derivative hedging instruments in 2012 were a large improvement over 2011 with a 770 million increase in 2012 compared to a 733 million decrease for 2011. Conversely, BMW Group took a loss in exchange differences from foreign operations of 123 million in 2012 and a 168 million gain and 2011 (Figure 5).Without further detailing the historical patterns of those line items, it seems BMW Group is getting progressively better at managing their transaction exposure and other foreign operations risks. A brief look at BMW Groups annual statement proves that they have done an excellent job identifying potential risks and setting controls and p olicies to cling to themselves. If they can continue to grow their segments in the Americas and Asia, they will continue to establish themselves as a global manufacturer of quality vehicles as is their stated mission. One organizational risk that BMW recognizes and must continue to countermand is using derivative financial instruments for speculative trade instead of loss prevention. If BMW Group can maintain their brand in Europe, continue to grow in their American and Asian segments, and continue to use hedging and derivative tools conservatively as a risk mitigation tool, they will see continued success and healthy growth with solid future earnings and a steadily growing stock price.Figures verbalized in Euros. Figures expressed in thousands.WORKS CITEDAnnual Report 2012. BMW Group Investor dealings / Financial Reports / Annual Report. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Mar. 2014. . BMW Group Company History Milestones. BMW Group Company History Milestones. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 201 4. . BMW GROUP IN THE UK.. BMW Market About Us. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2014. . BMW Profile & Executives.Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg, n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2014. . Financial Services. Overview. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2014. . Q3 Report (September 30, 2013). BMW Group Investor Relations Quarterly Report. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2014. .