Impact of Genomics on the Future of Healthcare

Impact of Genomics on the Future of Healthc arThe betoken of this authorship is to address genomics and how it stand regard healthcare in the future tense.This paper stop overs an explanation what genomic sequencing is and how the sequencing bottomland do good the future of healthcare. Genome sequencing can allow scientists to telephone diseases before symptoms show. It will as well be discussing the estimable implications of genome sequencing and its current limitations.Genomics is the consider of genomes a genome is an organisms complete list or set of deoxyribonucleic acid, and all the genes it codes forDS1. basically it i all the data need to make and sustain that organism. Genome sequencing is sourcing the exact order of the base pairs that make up DNA and genome. On fourteenth April 2003 the Human Genome Project was complete it took 13 historic period to complete and embody $2.7 billion. Although this project took a large amount of time and money, it was defi nitely worthy it. The completed genome has made it possible for scientists and seekers to find genes easily and has helped them go steady how genes ready to tolerateher to direct the growth, development and maintenance of an entire organism (Genome password Network, 2003). A better understanding of the genome will withal allow scientists to understand what causes certain diseases and in turn develop better treatments for them. It can also lead to more personalized medicament, for example how the variations in an individuals genome can affect how they respond to drugs. Further query into the human genome would revolutionise modern medicine and healthcare as we know itDS2.We attended regular meetings where we discussed futurology and topics much(prenominal) as DNA Health. There was also a workshop where we worked on and developed skills such as referencing. We independently conducted research by search articles, journals, and websites online. We collected secondary data.Geno mics can be used to shout affection before symptoms show. This would mean that treatment could begin as early as possible, and precautions could be taken to ensure that patients wont ever get the symptoms. The rapid development of DNA sequencing technology has now made it possible for individuals to get their genome sequenced affordably and practically, this is personal genomics. Dr. Stephen Quake sequenced his own genome and built a database of gene variations and their connections to a range of medical checkup conditions and diseases. Using Quakes communicable profile they discoered that he had mutations that can cause a fatal and sudden heart attack, and over 50% chance of becoming diabetic and obese. It also indicated how Quake would answer to different medications- in that location are m any(prenominal) heart disease drugs which he may react badly to. This made it possible for doctors to take what they deemed inevitable precautions to prevent heart disease and gave him statins. Being able to predict future disease and make sure that only medicine which would work trump for that individual is given would save our healthcare system a pot of money as drugs wouldnt be wasted on patients they wont benefit, and disease could be prevented instead of cures or treated which often takes a plenty more money and time. Dr. Quake said, Were at the dawn of a new-madefound age in genomics, information like this will enable doctors to bring through personalised healthcare like never before.Couples who want kidren can also use personal genomics to find out if they are a common carrier for a gene that may cause their child to have a disorder or disease, for example cystic fibrosis. If both of them have a carrier gene they can take the necessary precautions to ensure that their child does not. For example, having their baby through in vitro fertilisation (IVF).The Personal Genome Project is a long-term study which aims to sequence and analyse over 100,000 pe oples genome. This could help research into personal genomics. Volunteers send in a DNA sample and information on their phenotype and medical records, this helps researchers to better understand the association between our genes, our environment, and our phenotype (our somato inheritable appearance).A survey conducted by Sermo (a social network site for doctors and physicians) revealed that 73% of physicians had not recommended that their patients get their genome sequenced. In another poll, 74% doctors give tongue to they believed family medical history was more informative for diagnosing and treating patients than genome sequencing (Begley,2016). The field of genomics is relatively new this could be why so many doctors are opposed to it. Dr. Girgis stated that there is a lack of treatment available to address whatsoever riskinesss are identified and that there is no evidence for insideng this testing (Begley,2016). legion(predicate) doctors believe that genome sequencing is n ot evidence based and that there is not liberal large scale research into its benefits. Some doctors suggested that information indicating that you will ultimately have a heart attack is useless if nothing can be channelized to prevent it. The benefits of genome sequencing will be more relevant and doable when we have the technology to develop treatments which can ensure the prevention of any conditions that may be found in the sequence.Those who participate in genome sequencing research such as the personal genome project are susceptible to genetic discrimination from employers, or insurance companies. As it may be sight that they have a variation that makes them more at risk of certain conditions or affectiones or if they diagnose they are at risk of get an complaintDS3. To prevent this from occurring the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination comport (GINA) of 2008 was created. Title I of the Act prevents health insurers from cosmos discriminatory, by making it illegal f or them to ask customers to change genetic testing, or inquire about genetic information when deciding a persons insurance eligibility or coverage. This part began on 21st may 2005 (Genetics Home Reference, 2016DS4)Title II of the Act protects people from discrimination from employers by preventing them from using genetic information when making any decisions about hiring, promotions, salary, or dismissal. It also banns employment agencies from asking about genetic information, or requesting genetic tests. This part was implemented on 21st November 2009 (Genetics Home Reference, 2016).Another ethical issue concerning genome sequencing is the protection of participants retirement. Although the data collected needs to be shared out broadly to maximize its value for ongoing exploration and research the participants privacy also needs to be protected (National Human Genome Research Institute, 2015). However, because DNA is so unique to each individual it can never stimulate 100% an onymised.There are a number of databases held by NIH where researchers can identify up de-identified data. In 2013 a study by mark et al pointed out that it was possible to identify participants using the data in the databases and public records (Wright et al, 2013). Since, NIH has control over who has access the to the data, ensuring that the privacy of participants is upheld. Before participation, volunteers are made aware of the potential risks they face if their genetic information were to be released, and are asked to sign an informed consent form. communicate consent forms should contain a description of the method of research uses of the results what results mean if results show the risk of a condition that may affect family members or children.Despite being a relatively new field, genomics has come very far in a short amount of time, the Human Genome Project took 13 years and $2.7 billion. But today anyone can have their genome sequenced in 24 hours for $1000. Genome sequ encing has already developed a lot allowing scientists like Dr. Quake to predict illness and attempt to prevent it occurring by taking precautions, whether that substance a change in lifestyle or taking medicine. Genome sequencing also makes it possible to acquire which drugs work best for certain individuals and which drugs dont this is very beneficial as it means money wont be wasted on giving futile treatment and medicine to those it wont help.However, genomics still has a long personal manner to go. there is no benefit of being able to predict illness if you cannot treat the illness. Medical cognizance needs to develop more and discover ways to treat more illnesses and diseases for the prediction of them to become very useful. Also, there are many ethical implications of genome sequencing e.g. privacy and discrimination. Although law and acts have been put in place to try and solve these issues there is still a chance that participants of sequencing will experience a breach of privacy so they have to sign an informed consent form. Genomics can definitely benefit and change healthcare in the future with more study and big research.References What is the human genome project? (no date) Available at https//www.genome.gov/11511417/what-is-the-human-genome-project/ (Accessed 9 September 2016)Wright, G.E., Koornhof, P.G., Adeyemo, A.A. and Tiffin, N. (2013) respectable and legal implications of whole genome and whole exome sequencing in African populations, BMC Medical Ethics, 14(1), p. 21. doi 10.1186/1472-6939-14-21.Begley, Sharon. Consumers Arent Wild About Genetic Testing Nor Are Doctors. STAT. N.p., 2016. Web. 7 Sept. 2016.Reference, Genetics. What Is Informed Consent?. Genetics Home Reference. N.p., 2016. Web. 9 Sept. 2016.Sample, I. (2016) Healthy genome used to predict disease risk in later life. Available at https//www.theguardian.com/science/2010/apr/29/healthy-genome-predict-disease-risk (Accessed 9 September 2016).Collins, Francis et al. A Vision For The Future Of Genomics Research. genius Publishing Group (2003) n. pag. Web. 9 Sept. 2016.J, 2004 (2000) Whats a genome? Available at http//www.genomenewsnetwork.org/resources/whats_a_genome/Chp2_1.shtml (Accessed 6 September 2016What Is The Human Genome Project?. Genome.gov. N.p., 2016. Web. 9 Sept. 2016.DS6DS1Needed to b referenced.DS2All good points made, only what you make factual statements you will need to control them with academic publications to back it up.DS3Good point, but you needed to show a reference to support it.DS4Good.DS5Should have given more attention to your reference list.DS6The diagram needed labeling.